Chronological instrument



y 22, 1934- H. E. SCHULSE 1,959,601

CHRONOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT Filed Sept. 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORHerman llfic/mlse ATTORNEYS May 22, 1934 5 SCHULSE 1,959,601

CHRONOLOGICAL INS TRUMENT Filed Sept. 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS y 1934. H. E. SCHULSE CHRONOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT Filed Sept. 19, 19314 Sheets-Sheet 3 lNV ATTORNEYS "May 22, 1934. H. E. SCHULSECHRONOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT Filed Sept. 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORHerman JZJcfia [me BY ATTORNEYS Patented May 22, 1934 CHBONOLOGICALINSTRUMENT Herman E. Schnlse, Wilmington, Del., assignor to UnicloxCorporation, a corporation of Delaware ' Application September 19, 1931,Serial No. 563,754

44 Claims.

My present invention is concerned with the provision of a chronologicaland horological instrument.

An object of the invention is to provide a clock driven replica of aterrestrial globe adapted to indicate automatically at all times, theposition of the earth's shadow, the mean solar and siderial time at anydegree of longitude and to physically demonstrate the changing positionof the earth relatively to the sun with the changing seasons, wherebycurrent information relative to the rising and setting of the sun andhours of light or darkness at any region of the globe, is alwaysavailable.

Another object is to provide an instrument, by means of which allinformation commonly determined by the use of almanacs can be almostinstantly and correctly obtained as for instance the rising and settingof the sun for any date in the year at any place on earth.

Another object is to provide a fixture in which the translucent globeisinteriorly illuminated and the representation of the earths shadow isproduced by a translucent member or color filter of a type which willtransmit suflicient light to permit the reading of the legends on theglobe even in the region of the shadow, and only modifies withoutobliterating the colors of the map itself.

Another object is to provide an apparatus of this character which iscapable of being conveniently manually set at the time that motion ofthe clock is initiated and conveniently manually reset if the clockshould stop or fail to operate correctly.

Another object is to provide such an instruinent directly driven from aclock preferably of the synchronous motor type) yet an apparatus inwhich the globe may be freely rotated and the light .discriminatingdevice freely manipulated for demonstrating purposes or for educationalpurposes without injuring the clock mechanism, without disconnecting thevarious clock driven elements from the driving means, and withoutinterfering with the continuous proper operation of the clock.

Another object is to provide a rotatably supported internallyilluminated globe so mounted and supported that even the polar regionsof the globe may be readily observed.

Another object is to provide a globe ofthis character, the subduedinternal light of which not only illuminates the globe surface in bothartistic and utilitarian manner, but which is effective to cast a softdiffused light over the globe 55 support, such light being preferablysumcient to permit convenient observation of the exposed. clock, whichcontrols the operation of the globe.

Another object is to provide an arrangement of clock and globe structurewhich admits of the use, as a power source, of the commercial type, sosynchronous, motor driven, electric clocks without reorganization of theclock structure other than the application of the one or two gears fromwhich the driving transmission is eflected.

Another object is to provide an instrument of this character, which iscapable of serving as an attractive subdued lighting fixture, peculiarlyadapted for use as a hall lamp or alcove light.

Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the characterdescribed above, which combines great accuracy of operation and greatsimplicity of construction with ruggedness and durability in use andwhich well fulfills the requirements of economical manufacture.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a commonsupport structure mounts both the clock and the globe. The globe mountpreferably comprises a vertically disposed, ring-shaped element, inwhich the globe has mountings on an axis at the correct 23 degree angleto the vertical.

The mechanism for driving the globe proper is preferably associated withthe lower or south pole bearing end thereof and a night indicator or adaylight and night discriminator as well as the mechanism for operatingthe same, is within the globe, associated with and carried by the northpole part thereof and driven by the globe itself.

The globe is rotated in a one to two ratio to the hour hand of theclock, so that the globe will turn at constant rate on its axis onceevery twenty-four hours. The night indicator is driven through asuitable gear mechanism contained in the globe so that it moves aroundthe light source once every 365 days. Driven concurrently with the nightindicator is a transparent time dial concentric with and adjacent thenorth pole of the globe and graduated in terms of hours. The time dialcooperates with a fixed calendar disc or date dial, rigid with the globesupporting frame and coacting with an arrow arranged at the noon mark onthe time dial to indicate the date.

When once the globe is correctly set (which may be readily accomplishedas will bev fully explained in the specification) the globe willcontinue to turn once a. day as long as the clock is running and thenight indicator once a year,

indicating the earth's shadow throughout the changing seasons. Foreducational purposes,

however, or for demonstration purposes, the

globe may be conveniently turned by hand or the night indicator with itsassociated time dial, may be conveniently turned by hand withoutinterfering with the normal operation of the driving train from theclock. To accomplish this, both the globe driving mechanism and themechanism for driving the night indicator from the globe, include at onepoint in their power trains, a worm or gear drive which is irreversibleand at another point in their trains a slip clutch.

Preferably. the globe supporting ring includes a pair of hinged sectionsand the globe a pair of inter-fitting hemispherical sections carried bythe respective ringsections, so that the. ring and globe may beconveniently opened to facilitate the application of a new lamp at theinterior of the globe. Neither the globe driving means at the south poleend thereof, nor the night indicator carriedby the north pole end of theglobe is disturbed by, or interferes with this opening, of the globe.

After the globe has been manipulated for dem-.

onstration purposes, it may be quickly reset and its normal clock drivenmotion continued.

My present invention is a continuation in part of my copendingapplication Serial No.332,316, filed January 14, 1929.

The invention may be more-fully understood from the followingdescription in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1is a front elevaticnal view of a combined chronological and horologicalinstrument embodyingthe invention,

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view therethrough,

Fig. 2a is an enlarged sectional detail on the line 2a-2a of Fig. 2,showing the mechanism which is used to drive the time dial concurrentlywith the day and night discriminator.

Fig. 2b is an enlargedsectional detail on the line 2b-2b of Fig. 2,

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view showing the manner in which thehinged sections of the globe supporting ring may be swung apart toprovide access to the light source,

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are sectional detail views taken -.on the lines 4-4,5-5, and-66 respectively of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a somewhat enlarged sectional vie taken on the line 7--7 ofFig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a, plan view of the ecliptic, ring which is fixed to the globesupporting frame;

Fig. 9 and 10 are plan views of the movable time dial and the fixedcalendar dial respectively.

.Fig. 11 is a detail showing part of the reduction gearing for operatingthe light discriminator.

ing the manner in which the-globe is irreversibly Referring withparticularity to the drawings, a suitable pedestal (not shown) mounts acasing 11, at its upper end, the casing having a socket 12,

except that it includes' .a worm 14 carried by the setting handshaft 15which in common makes of electric cloc k ,advahcesat-the'rate of onerevolution each two'hours. 4' The" casingis illustratively of ornamentalchar- .secure a pendant extension 19 of the ring 17 driven from thesetting hand shaft of the clock? preferably screwingonto the upper endofthe' acter with an upwardly and laterally extending hollow flaredformation, constituting a cradle C upon the outer edges of which issustained an upright parallel indicator ring 17. Screws 18 against thecasing. Ring 1'7 is suitably calibrated to register with the parallelsof latitude-20, upon the surface of the terrestrial globe A. Suitablelegends may be associated with the ring to identify the various zones ofthe earth. The globe A which is preferably of translucent material, hassecured thereto the semi-lunar elements making up. the map of theeeggyi's surface. The globe may be'constructed in desired manner, but ispreferably formed of o separable upper and lower hemispheres andgenerally in accordance with the construction shownin my copendingapplication, Serial No. 380,893 filed July 25, 1929 and allowed Dec. 6,1932.

As this construction is not materialto the invention claimed herein, itis briefly noted that it comprises (Figs. 2 and 3) two hollow,transparent molded hemispherical bodies, one of which carries at its riman internal band 21 of the same material as the bodies. The mouth ofthis band 1 9 projects beyond the band carrying globe section to whichit isintimately bonded and is tapered as at 22 to facilitate its entryinto the mouth of the lower globe section. Thus the two hemisphericalsections are aligned and strengthened 05 adjacent their abutting rimswhich correspond with the equator of the globe. The ring 17 is made intwo semi-circularsections 23, 24, which carry and provide supports andbearings for the two hemispherical globe sec- 10 tions. These sectionsat their abutting ends 28 are embraced by a pair of channel pieces 25and 26. One channel 25 constitutes a "hinge element being pivoted on ascrew 27 on the lower ring section 23 and connection to the uppermovable ring section 24 by a screw 27a. A slot 27b in the channel piece25 receives screw 27 and allows sufficient play for the upper globe ringsection to be liftedout of abutting relationship with the lower sectionand thereby afford clearance for the 2 swinging of the uppersection'about the hinge screw 27. The corresponding channel piece 26 atthe opposite side of the globe is pivotally connected as at 29 to theupper movable ring section 24 and has its lower end removably, rigidlyconnected to the lower stationary ring section 23 by the use of a screw30. When this screw is in position, the two ring sections 23, 24 arelocked together and the screw 30 must be removed as a preliminary toswinging the movable ring section 24 about on the pivot 27, and therebyseparating the upper half of the globe from the lower Y half thereof.Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional detail show- The two channel pieces25 and 26 also serve an additional function in supporting a graduatedring member 31 disposed in the ecliptic plane of the globe. This ring,(shown in Fig. 8) is provided with a pair of diametrically oppositenotches 32 to straddle the ring 17 and is supported by lugs 33 at thetop of the channel piece 25 and lugs 34 at the bottom of the channelpiece 26. The same screw 30 which normally serves to lock the split ringagainst opening, may also serve to secure the ecliptic ring in position,the latter being provided with a pendant lug 35 threaded to receive theend of the screw. Rigidly fixed as by screws 67" to section 24 of thesplit ring immediately under the north pole thereof,-which is slightlyoffset from the rest of the ring, is a disclike datt dial 67of-transparent material graduated in terms of months and days, and alsoshowing, if desired, the various zodiacal constellations in properarrangement with respect to the months.

The globe has a bearing hub 37 at its south pole, this hub including aflange 38 overlying and riveted to the globe as at 38'. Fange 38 issustained upon the flanged lower end 39 of a thrust bearing 40'supporteduponring section 23 and affording a journal for the hub 37. A set screw47 through thrust bearing 40 secures the latter to shaft 47 axiallythrough said bearing. Integral with the ring enlargement or extension 19are spaced integral pendant bearing ears 42 and 43, which suspend thetransmission for driving the globe from the clock. This transmissionincludes a shaft 44 mounted in the cars 42, 43, and having a worm gear16 of twelve teeth fixed at its inner end. At the opposite end of theshaft 44 is a mitre gear 45 which meshes with a gear 46 on the lowerpart of shaft 47.

The section 23 with the complete assembly of globe and transmission fordaily and seasonal variations is laid upon the cradle formed by wings Cand there fastened in place by screws 18 through the front of the wings.when thus positioned the gear 16 enters into mesh with worm 14 on theshaft 13 of the clock assembly. The twelve to one reduction from shaft15 to shaft 44 effects a rotation ofshaft 47 and with it the globe C ata uniform rate of one revolution in 24 hours.

Fixedly mounted upon the upper end of the shaft 47 is a washer member 49retained in position by a screw 50, and loosely surrounding said shaftand resting upon the inner end of the hub 37 is a washer 51. Interposedbetween the washers 49 and 51, is a coiled expansion spring 52, whichforces the washer 51 into frictional engagement with the hub 37. Thewashers49 and 51 and their spring 52 constitute a friction drivingclutch between the shaft 47 and bearing the hub 37 of the globe. Thisclutch will slip to permit manual spinning of the globe fordemonstration purposes but will hold without slippage when driven by theclock. The support as thus far described, would sustain the globe evenwithout any separate bearing for the north polar end of its axis.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that as long as the clock isrunning, shaft 47 will be driven through the transmission from the worm14 to the gear 16, thence through the shaft 44 and the gear 45. Movementof the shaft 47 drives the washers 51 through the medium of washer 49and the spring 52. Engagement of the washer 51 with the end of the hub37 causes a rotary movement of the globe at a rate which is one-halfthat of the hour hand shaft, the globe thus making one completerevolution every twenty-four hours.

The driving connection above described, which includes both the frictionclutch and the irreversible worm and gear 14, 16, permits free spinningof the globe by hand, independentlyof the clock and positively preventsdriving of the clock by hand turning of the globe.

In the present embodiment of the invention, the stationary ecliptic ring31 which is carried by the globe supporting ring 17, is calibrated interms of months and days; It may also show the seasons of the year.

Means isprovided for effecting contrasting degrees of illumination onthe globe surface in simulation of daylight and-night, andillustratively comprises a central interior source of light, and a lightdiscriminator movable there around. For this purpose, there is securedin the north pole part of the supporting ring, a tube 53, extendingthrough a polar aperture in the globe and thus constituting the upperhemisphere of the globe, which fixedly mounts a hollow elongated hub 41rotatable on the tube 53. The hub is flanged over the globe as at 54 andaffixed thereto by screws 54'.

The inner end of the sleeve 53 carries a bracket 55 afllxed thereto byset screw 55 having a laterally projecting lug portion mounting avertical tube 56, this tube being secured in a suitable bore in the lugpreferably by a set screw 57 tube 56 sustaining at the lower endthereof, a lamp socket 58, carrying a diminutive incandescent lamp 59. Agear 60 is driven upon a vertical mounting tube 61 which in turn carriesthe daylight and night discriminator 65. This device may comprise agenerally oval frame 63 soldered to flange 62 in tube 61 and disposedina vertical plane that bisects the globe. By means of split pinsv 64 orequivalent devices, there is secured within frame 63 a purplishtranslucent filter 65 having a convex center and flat ends, and whichwill modify the light transmitted therethrough to a purplish hue. Thelight modification is such that color distinctions on the map portion ofthe globe will not be obliterated and the darker half of the globe stillreceives enough light through the filter or discriminator to permit thelegends on the map to be conveniently read. Thus, at all times, half ofthe globe will be illuminated directly to simulate daylight and theother half will have a purplish glow to simulate night.

I have found that the use of the light filter with the fiat extendingends and the shielding frame is productive of a more well defined lineof demarcation between the regions of daylight and darkness,particularly at the equatorial regions, than is a semi-spherical filter.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that as the globe revolves aboutthe incandescent lamp 59, the line of demarcation between the twodegrees of illumination of the globe surface, will on one side of theglobe, indicate sunrise and upon the diametrically opposite side,indicate sunset.

The electric circuit to the lamp 59 includes a suitable double conductor68, extending longitudinally through the tube 56, which is made hollowfor this purpose. The conductors 68 extend from the tube 56 into theinterior of the sleeve 53 at a point adjacent its inner end and pass outof the sleeve at a point adjacent its outer end and lie in a channel 69formed in the outer face of the parallel indicator ring 17. The ends ofthe conductor pass into the casing 11 and a snap switch 70 mounted inthe back cover of the clock unit, serves to control the lamp circuit.

In the construction thus far described, no compensation has beenprovided for the changing seasons. Such compensation may be effected byan advancing movement of the filter 65 about the lamp 59 at the rate ofone revolution for every 365 revolutions of the globe, that is, onerevolutlonper year. Preferably this is accomplished by automatic meanswhereby the correct relation of the hemispheres of contrasting degreesof illumination are maintained throughout the changing seasons.

In the present case, I have shown a special type of reduction mechanismfor driving the filter from the globe, at therate of one revolution peryear. This mechanism includes a gear 71, the hub 72 of which is slidableon a key 73 carried by the outer surface of the hub member 41. Thetendency of the gear 71 is to drop by gravity into engagement with acorresponding gear 71a fixed upon the end of a shaft 74 mounted in thebracket 55. The gears 71 and 71a are not of the ordinary beveled typebut to insure proper intermeshing without jamming, are each offrusto-conical formation with teeth of uniform width andthicknessarranged on their tapering surfaces.

The normal tendency of the gear 71 is to drop by gravity into engagementwith the gear 71a, the weight of the gear and its hub and the ease ofsliding movement alongthe globe hub 41 being sufiicient to insureconstant engagement whenever the globe is in upright position.Regardless of careless handling and inversion of the article in transit,the sliding bevel gear will always ride down into operative positionunder the influence of gravity when the globe is set up on its standard.

The shaft 74 carries a pinion 75 which meshes with a gear 76 carriedupon a shaft 77, supported in the arms 78 which form a part of thebracket 55. The shaft 77 carries a worm 79 which meshes with a wormwheel 80 loosely mounted upon a contiguous gear 60. A bevelled idler 85occupies the small gap between said gears and has an axle pin 86 in acorresponding bore in the bracket 55. That ratio of the gears 75, 76,79,80 and 82, is of course such that as the driving shaft 47 makes onecomplete revolution, the shade 65 will be advanced through 1/365 of arevolution.

The interposition of idler 85 brings about rotation of the driven gear60 and the light filter in the same direction as the driving gear 82 andthe globe; thereby to reproduce the phenomena of daylight and darknessas they actually occur due to the combined motion of rotation and ofrevolution which the earth executes. v

One ratio of gearing which affords a compac transmission with but fewelements and none of them of large diameter, will now be described.

The pinion has six teeth and the gear 76' has seventy-three teeth, sothat the six-toothed pinion 75 meshing therewith and driven by the globethrough gears 71, 71a, at the rate of 365 revolutions per year, willthus move the gear 76 and its shaft 78 and the worm 79 through 30revolutions per year. The worm wheel 80 has thirty teeth and is,therefore, driven by the worm 79 and with it the gear 82 at a uniformrate of but one revolution per year. The gear 82 making one revolutionper year, drives the gear 60 through the idler 85 at the same rate, itbeing understood that these gears 82 and 60 have the same number ofteeth, and consequently the gear 60 and the light filter 65 carriedthereby, will be moved through but one revolution per year. Thismovement of the filter causes an advancement in the line of demarcation,of different degrees of illumination upon the globe surface at the rateof 1/365 of a revolution every twenty-four hours, substantially asoccurs due to the movement of the earth in its orbit.

The driving connection between the worm esaeor wheel 80 and the shaft-81is preferably of the friction type and may comprise a coiled spring 87interposed between two plates 88 and 89, which engage respectively thegears 80 and 82. Thus, as the gear 82 is driven by the gear 80 throughthe medium of the friction coupling just described the shaft 81 willlikewise be rotated.

A transparent disc-like time dial 66 is located above the north pole endof the globeunder the disc-like calendar dial 67 and projects beyond theedges of the latter. Means is provided for driving the time disc 66without speed reduction or speed increase from the shaft 81, thetime-dial thus moving in synchronism with the filter 65 and making butone revolution per year.

This slightly convex time dial 66 shown in plan in Fig. 9, is graduatedinto twenty-four peripheral sub-divisions, marked in terms of the hoursof the day, and it is provided with an arrow 90 at 12 noon which isadapted to be set in conjunction with the calendar disc 67 above it atthe date of the original setting of the globe, or for purposes ofdemonstrating the particular location of the earths shadow at any pointon the globe and at any season of the year.

The problem of driving the time dial 66 which is disposed below thestationary date dial 67 from the shaft '81 has in the present instance,been solved as follows:--

Shaft 81 extends outwardly beyond the tube 108 53 and the globe carryingring 17, and has fixed thereto as byset screw 91, a gear 92, preferablyintegral with the collar '84. Joumaled in the ring section 24 andextending radially therethrough and through the calendar disc, is ashaft 93. Pinions 94 and 95 are arranged at the outer and inner ends ofthis shaft respectively, the outer pinion meshing with the gear 92 andthe inner pinion meshing with a gear 96 fixed with respect to the timedial and rotatable therewith on a suitable bearing bushing 97 whichencircles the tube 53 and rests upon a shoulder 98 integral with thetube. Above this bearing bushing, there is provided a support or spacerbushing 99 in engagement with the under face of the fixed calendar disc67. Preferably the gears 92 and 94 are housed and protected againstaccess of dust and dirt by a hollow cap member 100, having a flange 101to encircle the gears 92 and 94 and having a drive or other frictionalfit upon the upwardly extended hub 102 of the thrust col lar 84.

Preferably the cap 100 and the associated exposed parts are of anornamental character as shown so that they in no way, detract from theappearance of the article.

The method of originally setting the globe at any desired point of use,is as follows:

The time dial 66 is rotated by the knob or cap 100 until the arrow 90registers with the correct date on the calendar ring 67. During thisoperation, the friction clutch 87-89 slips and the filter 65 is broughtto a position to correctly indicate the earths shadow for thatparticular day of the year. The particular meridian location of use ofthe globe is then moved into registration with the correct time of dayon the time dial by manually turning the globe.

As long as the clock is operating, the globe is now driven at a uniformrate of one revolution 4.5 per day, and through the reduction gearingpreviously described, the time dial and filter are rotated uniformly atthe rate of one revolution per year, the arrow 90 always serving toindicate the date and the season and the filter 65 showing 150 at alltimes, the line of demarcation of day and night with respect to theearth's axis.

The time at the locality of use may 'be read either from the clock orfrom the time dial at the intersection therewith of the local meridian.

By similarly following the meridian for any place on earth upto the timedial, the latter will give the localtime at such place. With equalfacility, the various places at which the sun is rising or setting or atwhich the clock shows any particular time, may be easily read from thetime dial. The unique possibilities of the device for educational ordemonstrating purposes, will become apparent upon consideration of thefact that the clutch arrangement 87-89 permits the light contrastingdevice, together with the associated time dial to be selectivelymanually moved to show the relation of the earth's shadow and the clutch49-51 permits manual rotation of the globe to set any place thereon toany time of the day. Thus any information ascertainable from an almanacmay be almost instantly obtained by appropriate rotation of knob 100 tothe day of the year and appropriate rotation of the globe to time ofday. For instance the time of sunrise or of sunset or of high noon forany place on earth may immediately be determined for any day in theyear. After the globe has thus been used for demonstrating orinformational purposes, it may be conveniently reset in the mannerdescribed above, so

that the clock drive will continue and normal operation of theinstrument will be resumed. The irreversible transmissions associatedwith the clutches preclude any interference with clock operation due tomanipulation of knob 100 or of globe C. Due to the fact that the datedial 6'? is not only graduated into months, but also into the twelvemajor constellations which correspond to the signs of the zodiac, theconstellation at the zenith at any time may be incidentally determined.

Throughout rotation of'the globe whether by the clock or by hand, thet'me dial and the light filter remain in synchronism, therewith, theformer advancing or receding one day for each advance or reverserotation of the globe and the filter correspondingly moving l/365revolution for each revolution of the globe. The night filter issynchronized with the time dial so that for each position of the filterthe arrow 90 on the dial will register the correct day on the date dial67. The globe is synchronized with the clock, so that setting of thelatter will bring about corresponding advance or recession of the globe.

Practically the only part of the assemblage which is likely to requireattention, is the bulb, which will of course, eventually burn out. Thepresent type of construction is peculiarly adapted to facilitate theconvenient replacement of the bulb. To gain access to the interior ofthe globe for this purpose, it is merely necessary to remove a singlescrew 30, lift off the ecliptic ring and swing the movable upper sectionof the globe supporting ring about its pivot, thereby separating theupper and lower hemispheres of the globe, as indicated in Fig. 3, andgiving access to the bulb. The globe may be separated withoutdisconnecting any part of the driving mechanism and the use of thetapered centering ring 21, which is carried by the upper globe sectionand telescopes into the lower one, assures convenient and facilere-alignment of the two globe hem spheres when the globe encircling ringI is swung into closed position.

The apparatus has a marked educational value aside from itsattractiveness as a portable fixture in the home, school or office. Thedevice has, moreover, considerable utility in various arts in that itmay dispense entirely with the need for almanacs or any computation orelaborate tables, to furnish data which is important in navigation,astronomy, radio communication, air transportation and possibly in otherrelations.

From one aspect of the invention, it will be apparent that the globe maybe driven from any timecontrolled device and need not necessarily beassociated with a clock. I prefer to use the clock, however, not onlybecause it assists in the production of a h'ghly ornamentalchronological and horological device, but because a clock affords one ofthe most convenient mechanisms for driving the globe. It is of course,possible within the scope of the present invention to dis pose the motorwithin the globe and to drive the clock therefrom.

It being well recognized that to impose a materially extra load on themain spring of an ordinary clock, generally results in inaccurateoperation of the clock itself, the use of an electric clock ispreferred, such for instance, as the ord'nary Telechron type, fordriving, and the same source of current which supplies the clock, may besuitably connected to the lead 68 for illumination of the light source59 which may be switched on or oil at will without disturbing the clockcircuit.

By using a time dial and a calendar or date dial of transparent materialand by making the bearings which support the clock of comparativelysmall dimensions, substantially no part of the surface of the map willbe obscured and the map may be read even in the polar regions withconvenience and facility.

It will thus be seen that there is herein described apparatus in whichthe several features of this invention are embodied, and which apparatusin its action attains the various objects of the invention and is wellsuited to meet the requirements of practical use.

As many changes could be made in the above construction, and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingsshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. Apparatus of the character described including a hollow translucentgeographical globe mounted for rotation on its polar axis, a lightsource disposed centrally within the globe, and means for filtering thelight to produce contrasting degrees of illumination on the globesurface.

2. A chronological instrument of the class described including a hollowtranslucent geographical globe mounted for rotation on its inclinedpolar axis, a light source disposed centrally within the globe andfilter means in the path of rays from said source of light for producingcontrasting degrees of illumination on the globe surface and mounted forrotation on the vertical axis.

. 3. A chronological instrument of the class described, including ahollow, translucent geographical globe mounted for rotation on aninclined polaraxis, a light source disposed centrally of the globe, afilter device associated with the light source and turnable on thevertical axis of the globe, means for rotating the globe, means forrotating the filter device, and means V for maintaining a definite ratioof speed between said two rotating means.

4. A chronological instrument of the character described including ahollow translucent geographical globe mounted for rotation on itsinclined polar axis, a light source disposed centrally within the globe,means for filtering the light to produce contrasting degrees ofillumination with a vertical great circle of demarcation on the globesurface, means for rotating the globe and means interrelating the lightfiltering means therewith for rotation thereof at the rate of 1/365ththat of said globe.

5. A chronological instrument of the character described including ahollow translucent geographical globe mounted for rotation on itsinclined polar axis, a light source disposed centrally within the globe,means for filtering the light to produce contrasting degrees ofillumination with a vertical great circle of demarcation on the globesurface, means for rotating the globe at the rate of one revolution perday and means for rotating said filtering means at the rate of onerevolution per year.

6. A chronological instrument of the class described including a hollowtranslucent geographical globe mounted for rotation on its inclinedpolar axis, a light source disposed centrally within the globe, meansfor filtering the light to produce contra-sting degrees of illuminationwith a vertical great circle of demarcation on the globe surface, meansfor continuously rotating the globe at the rate of one revolution perday and means for continuously rotating the illuminating means 1/365 ofa revolution per day.

7. A chronological instrument ofthe class described including a hollowtranslucent geographical globe mounted for rotation on its polar axis atan angle of approximately 23 /2 degrees to the vertical, a light sourcedisposed centrally within the globe, means for producing contrastingdegrees of illumination on the globe surface and mounted for rotation onthe vertical axis of the globe, and motor means for rotating one of saidmembers at one revolution per day and the other of said members at onerevolution per year.

8. An instrument of the class described comprising a terrestrial globe,means for continuously driving the same at the rate of one revolutionper day, and means for producing contrasting degrees of illumination onthe globe surface, said last mentioned means being mounted within theglobe and slowly and continuously changed in position from the globedriving means.

9. A chronological instrument of the character described comprising asupport, a translucent terrestrial globe mounted thereon, a source oflight within said globe, a filter associated with said source of light,producing contrasting degrees of illumination on the globe with avertical great circle of demarcation on the globe surface, means fordriving said filter about its vertical axis at the rate of onerevolution per year, manual means including speed reducing mechanism forrotating said filter at will, and a friction clutch adapted for rotationof the filter independently of the speed reducing mechanism.

10. A chronological instrument of the char acter described comprising abase, a translucent terrestrial globe having an inclined axis andresting on a thrust bearing upon said base, a source of light withinsaid globe, a light filter to produce contrasting degrees ofillumination with a vertical great circle of demarcation on the globesurface, a motor in said support, a driving transmission from said motorthrough said thrust bearing to drive the globe at the rate of onerevolution per day, a speed reducing mechanism within said globe'andintervening between said motor and said filter to drive the latter atthe rate of one revolution per year, friction drive means associatedwith said thrust bearing to permit manual rotation vof the globeindependently of the motor, a handle to permit rotation of the filterindependently of the motor, and a friction clutch permitting said lattermanual operation independently of the speed reduction filter drivingmechanism.

11. In a chronological instrument, a translucent globe having a thrustbearing at its south pole for sustaining the same, means at said thrustbearing for the application of the globe driving torque, a lamp supportwithin said globe and centrally thereof, a light filter associated withsaid lamp to project contrasting degrees of illumination therefrom uponthe globe, presenting a great circle line of demarcation upon the globe,a speed reducing driving transmission associated with said filter tocause the same to rotate at 1/365th'the speed imparted to the globe, ahandle associated with said filter for revolving the same at will to anyposition and a clutch, permitting slippage with respect to said speedreduction transmission while said handle is being turned.

12. The combination claimed in claim 11 in which the lamp and the speedreduction transmission are sustained upon a bracket depending from thenorth pole of the globe, and in which the filter adjusting handle isaccessible from the north pole of the globe.

13. A chronological instrument of the class described including areplica of a translucent terrestial globe, a globe support providingbearings for the globe at its poles, a clock for driving the globe atthe rate of one revolution per day, a fixed light source within theglobe, a light filtering device associated with the light source andmovable thereabout to represent the shadow of the earth upon the surfaceof the globe, and means for driving the light filter from the globe atthe rate of one revolution per year.

14. Apparatus of the character described, including a hollow,translucent geographical globe, mounted for rotation on its polar axis,a light source disposed centrally within the globe, means for filteringthe light to produce contrasting degrees of illumination on the globesurface, said globe including a plurality of interfitting sections, aglobe support, means normally acting to prevent separation of saidsections and selectively movable to permit such separation and providerotating the globe, said means being so arranged source disposedcentrally within the globe, means for filtering the light to producecontrasting degrees of illumination on the globe surface, said globeincluding a plurality of interfitting sections,

1, a globe support, means normally acting to prevent separation of saidsections and selectively movable, to permit such separation and provideaccess to the lamp, and means for automatically driving the lightfiltering means, said means being so arranged that it is not disturbedby opening of the globe.

17. Apparatus of the character described, including a hollow,translucent geographical globe, mounted for rotation on its polar axis,a light source disposed centrally within the globe, means for filteringthe lightto produce contrasting degrees of illumination on the globesurface, said globe' including a plurality of interfitting sections, aglobe support, means normally acting to prevent separation of saidsections and selectively movableto permit such separation and provideaccess to the lamp, and means at the south polar axis of the globe endof the globe for actuating the light modifying device, said globe beingmade in a pair of upper and lower hemispherical sections, capable ofseparation for lamp replacement without disturbing either of saiddriving means.

18. A chronological instrument of the class described including areplica of a translucent terrestrial globe, a globe support providingbearings for the globe at its poles, a clock for driving the globe atthe rate of one revolution per day, a fixed light source within theglobe, a light filtering device associated with the light source andmovable thereabout to represent the shadow of the earth upon the surfaceof the globe, and means for driving the light filter from the globe atthe rate of one revolution per year, the polar axis of the globe beingdisposed at a 23 degree angle to the vertical and the light filteringdevice being rotatable about a-vertical axis.

19. In an instrument of the class described, a support, a clock mountedon the support, a globe supporting vertical ring rising from thesupport, an internally illuminated globe carried thereby and driven fromthe clock said globe including a plurality of interfitting sections, thesupporting ring including a hinged section carrying a movable section ofthe globe, whereby to permit displacement of said globe section andaccess to the source of illumination.

20. The combination with a clock and a terrestrial globe, of means tosupport the globe and means to drive the globe from the clock, thedriving train including a slip clutch and also including an irreversibleworm and gear drive at the clock, whereby to permit manual rotation ofthe globe and prevent driving of the clock by the globe. H l v 21Thecombination with a clock and a terrestrial globe, of means to supportthe globe and means to drive the globe from the clock, the driving trainincluding a slip clutch and also including an irreversible worm and geardrive at the clock, whereby to permit manual rotation of the globe andprevent driving of the clock by the globe, the clock including a settinghand shaft carrying said worm, whereby the globe is set as an incidentof setting theclock.

22. A chronological instrument of the character described, including ageographical globe mounted for rotation on its polar axis, a verticalring encircling and supporting the globe and peripherally graduated, afixed date dial carried by the ring v and disposed over the north polarregion of the globe, a movable transparent time dial rotatably mountedadjacent the transparent date dial and having an arrow thereon toregister with the date on the date dial, clock mechanism to rotate theglobe at one revolution per day and a reduction gear train operated fromthe globe for driving the time dial at one revolution per year.

23. A chronological instrument of the character described, including ageographical globe mounted for rotation on its polar-axis, a verticalring encircling and supporting the globe, a peripherally graduated,fixed circular transparent date dial carried by the ring and disposedover the north polar region of the globe, a movable transparent timedial rotatably mounted under the date dial and having an arrow thereonto register with the date on said dial, clock mechanism to rotate theglobe at one revolution per day and a reduction gear train operated fromthe globe for driving the time dial at one revolution per year, theconnection between the globe driving mechanism and the time dial drivingmechanism being through the globe.

24. A chronological instrument of the character described, including ageographical globe mounted for rotation on its polaraxis, a verticalring encircling and supporting the globe, a peripherally graduated,fixed calendar dial carried by the ring and disposed over the northpolar region of the globe, a movable transparent time dial rotatablymounted under the calendar dial and having an arrow thereon to registerwith the date on the calendar dial, clock mechanism to rotate the globeat one revolution per day and a reduction gear train operated from theglobe driving the time dial at one revolution per year, the connectionbetwen the globe driving mechanism and the time dial driving mechanismbeing through the globe, an internal source of illumination for theglobe, a light filtering device associated therewith, and producingareas of relative darkness and light on the surface of the globe torepresent the earth's shadow.

25. A chronological instrument of the character described, including ageographical globe mounted for rotation on its polar axis, a verticalring encircling and supporting the globe, a peripherally graduated,fixed circular calendar dial carried by the ring and disposed over thenorth polar region of the globe, a movable circular time dial rotatablymounted under the calendar dial and having an arrow thereon to registerwith the date on the said dial, clock mechanism to rotate the globe atone revolution per day and a reduction gear train operated from theglobe for driving the time dial at one revolution per year, theconnection between the globe driving mechanism and the time dial drivingmechanism being through the globe, an internal sourceof illumination forthe globe, a light filtering device associated therewith, and producingareas of relative darkness and light on the surface of the globe torepresent the earth's shadow, the light filtering device being driven insynchronism with the time dial.

26. A chronological instrument of the character described, including ageographical globe mounted for rotation on its polar axis, a verticalring encircling and supporting the globe, a peripherally graduated,fixed date dial carried by the ring and disposed over the north polarregion of the globe, a movable time dial rotatably mounted under thedate dial and having an arrow thereon to register with the date thereon,clock mechanism to rotate the globe at one revolution per day and areduction gear train operated indirectly from the globe rotatingmechanism for driving the time dial at one revolution per year, theconnection between the globe driving mechanism and the time dial drivingmechanism being through the globe, and internal source of illuminationfor the globe, a light filtering device associated therewith, andproducing areas of relative darkness and light on the surface of theglobe to represent the earths shadow, the light filtering device beingdriven in synchronism with the time dial, the globe at its north polarend having a hollow tubular bearing element passing through thestationary date dial, the means for driving the time dial includingshafting extending outwardly through the hollow globe bearing andshafting geared to the first shafting but disposed outside of the globebearing and transmitting motion to the time dial.

27. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sections,and separable as an incident of opening the hinged section.

28. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sections,and separable as an incident of opening the hinged section and anecliptic ring supported on the globe supporting ring and removablyconnected thereto.

29. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sections,and separable as in incident of opening the hinged section, and eclipticring supported on the globe supporting ring and removably connectedthereto, the connecting means normally blocking opening movement of theglobe supporting ring sections.

30. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same, including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sectionsand separable as an incident of opening the hinged sections, andecliptical ring supported on the globe supporting ring end and removablyconnected thereto, channel pieces embracing the globe supporting ringsections and extending across the lines of abutment thereof, one of saidchannel pieces constituting the hinge for the movable ring section andbeing pivotally connected to the immovable ring section.

31. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same, including a split supporting ringconsisting embracing the globe supporting ring sections and extendingacross the lines of abutment thereof, one of said channel piecesconstituting the hinge for the movable ring sectionand being pivotallyconnected to the immovable ring section, the other channel piece beingcarried by the free end of the removable section and removably securedto the adjacent end of the immovable section.

32. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same, including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sectionsand separable as an incident of opening the hinged sections, an eclipticring supported on the globe supporting ring and removably connectedthereto, channel pieces embracing the globe supporting ring sections andextending across the lines of abutment thereof, one of said channelpieces constituting the hinge for the movable ring section and beingpivotally connected to the immovable ring section, and other channelpiece being carried by the free end of the removable section andremovably secured to the adjacent end of the immovable sect-ion, saidchannel pieces providing shoulders for supporting the ecliptic ring.

33. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same, including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sectionsand separable as an incident of opening the hinged sections, an eclipticring supported on the globe supporting ring and removably connectedthereto, channel pieces embracing the globe supporting ring sections andextending across the lines of abutment thereof, one of said channelpieces constituting the hinge for the movable ring section and beingpivotally connected to the immovable ring section, the other channelpiece being carried by the free end of the removable section andremovably secured to the adjacent end of the immovable section, saidchannel pieces providing shoulders for supporting the ecliptic ring, thelatter having diametrically opposed notches therein to straddle theglobe supporting ring.

34. In an instrument of the class described, a hollow translucent globe,means for supporting the same, including a split supporting ringconsisting of two sections hingedly connected together, the globecomprising two separable hemispheres carried by the respective sectionsand separable as an incident of opening the hinged sections, anecliptical ring supported on the globe supporting ring and removablyconnected thereto;

channel pieces embracing the globe supporting ring sections andextending across the lines of abutment thereof, one of said channelpiecesconstituting the hinge for the movable ring section and beingpivotally connected to the immovable ring section, the other channelpiece being carried by the free end of the removable section andremovably secured to the adjacent end of the immovable section, saidchannel pieces providing shoulders for supporting the ecliptical ring,the latter having diametrically opposed notches therein to straddle theglobe supporting ring, said ecliptical ring including a pendant lugadapted to be secured by the means which normally prevents relativemovement of the globe supporting means.

35. In an instrument of the class described, a terrestrial globesupported at its polar axis and a clock operatively connected to theglobe for rotatim the latter once every twenty-four hours, a date dialgraduated in terms of months and days fixed with respect to thestationary globe support, and covering the north polar area of theglobe, a time dial graduated in sub-divisions of a day, said time dialhaving a pointer associated therewith and reading on the calendar dialand means for rotating-the time dial at the rate of once per year toindicate dates.

36. In an instrument of the class described, a terrestrial globesupported at its polar axis and a clock operatively connected to theglobe for rotating the latter once every twenty-four hours, a date dialgraduated in terms of months and days fixed with respect to thestationary globe support, and covering the north polar area of theglobe, a time dial graduated in sub-divisions of a day, said time dialhaving a pointer associated therewith and reading on the date dial meansfor rotating the time dial at the rate of once per year to indicatedates, a hollow hub providing a bearing for the north polar end of theglobe, a driving shaft arranged within the hub and extending outwardlytherebeyond, a countershaft geared to the driving shaft and arrangedexteriorly of the hub and connected to the time dial through thestationary date dial and a speed reduction gear for driving said firstmentioned shaft.

37. In an instrument of the class described, a terrestrial globesupported at its polar axis and a clock operatively connected to theglobe and rotating the latter once every twenty-four hours, a date dialgraduated in terms of months and days fixed with respect to thestationary globe support, and covering the north polar area of theglobe, a time dial graduated in sub-divisions of a day, said time dialhaving a pointer associated therewith and reading on the date and meansfor rotating the time dial at the rate of once per year to indicatedates, a hollow hub providing a bearing for the north polar end of theglobe, a driving shaft arranged within the hub and extending outwardlytherebeyond, a countershaft geared to the driving shaft and arrangedexteriorly of the hub and connected to the time dial through thestationary date dial, a speed reduction gear for driving said firstmentioned shaft, a hollow cap concealing the external gearing throughwhich the time dial is driven and operatively connected to part of thegear train, whereby to permit manual rotation of the time dial.

38. In an instrument of the class described, a terrestrial globesupported at its polar axis and a clock operatively connected to theglobe for rotating the latter once every twenty-four hours, a date dialgraduated in terms of months and days fixed with respect to thestationary globe support, and covering the north polar area of theglobe, a time dial graduated in sub-divisions of a day, said time dialhaving a pointer associated therewith and reading on the date dial andmeans for rotating the time dial at the rate of once per year toindicate dates, a hollow hub providing a bearing for the north polar endof the globe, a driving shaft arranged within the hub and extendingoutwardly therebeyond, a countershaft geared to the driving shaft andarranged exteriorly of the hub and connected to the time dial throughthe stationary date dial, speed reduction gearing for driving said firstmenlioned shaft from a hollow cap concealing the external gearingthfinugh which the time dial is driven and operatively connected to partof the gear train, whereby to permit manual rotation of the time dial,the gear train which operates the time dialincluding a slip clutch ,andan irreversible worm and gear whereby to permit manual rotation of thetime dial without driving clock.

39. A chronological instrument of the class described including areplica of a translucent terrestrial globe, a globe support providingbearings for the globe at its poles, a clock for driving the globe atthe rate of one revolution per day, a fixed light source within theglobe, a light filtering device associated with the light source andmovable thereabout to represent the shadow of the earth upon the surfaceof the globe, and means for driving the light filter from the globe atthe ra e of one revolution per year, the driving train between the clockand the globe including a slip clutch to permit manual turning of theglobe independently of the clock and an irreversible gear train sectionto prevent operation of the clock by manual turning of the globe.

40. A chronological instrument of the class described including areplica of a translucent terrestrial globe, a globe support providingbearings for the globe at its poles, a clock for driving the globe atthe rate of one revolution per day, a fixed light source within theglobe, a light filtering device associated with the light source andmovable thereabout to represent the shadow of the earth upon thesurfaceof the globe, and means for driving the light filter from the globe atthe rate of one revolution per year, the driving train between the globeand the light filter including a slip clutch, handle means for rotatingthe light filter independently of the globe and an irreversiblemechanism in the driving train to prevent the globe from being driven bymanual actuation of the light filtering device.

41. A translucent replica of a terrestrial globe having a light sourcedisposed substantially centrally therewithin, a light filtering devicerotatable about the light source, and affording on the surface of theglobe, a simulation of the regions of daylight and darkness, means fordriving the globe, means connecting the globe to the filtering device,whereby the latter is driven from the former, means independent of theglobe for manually actuating the filtering device, a slip clutch in thereduction gear train between the globe and the filtering device, wherebymanual rotation of the filtering device will not interfere with thenormal driving of the globe.

42. A translucent replica of a terrestrial globe having a light sourcedisposed substantially centrally therewithin, a light filiering devicerotatable about the light source, and afiording on the surface of theglobe, a simulation of the regions of daylight and darkness, means fordriving the globe, means connecting the globe to the filtering device,whereby the laiter is driven from the former, means independent of theglobe for manually actuating the filtering device, a slip clutch in thereduction gear train between the globe and the filtering device, wherebymanual rotation of the filtering device will not interfere with thenormal driving of the globe, and an irreversible worm and gear connectedin said train to prevent the actuation of the globe by the manualactuating means of the filtering device.

43. In combination with a translucent terrestrial globe and means toafford supports and polar axial bearings therefor of a light sourcedisposed centrally within the globe, a light filter movable about saidsource and adapled to produce a simulation of the regions of light anddarkness on the globe surface, of a reduction gearinginterposed betweenthe globe and the light filter,

fixedly carried by said hub for supporting a lamp within the globe, alight filtering device movable about the lamp and driven from the globe,through areduction gearing and means for transmitting moiion from theglobe to the reduction gearing including a fixedly mounted bevel gearand a second bevel gear keyed on the mounting hub of the globe andmovable by gravity into mesh with.

the first mentioned bevel gear.

HERMAN E. SCHULSE.

